Evaluation of the Human Development Bond and its Effectiveness in the Social Protection Policy of the Ecuadorian State

Abstract

The general objective of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Human Development Bonus (BDH) within the Ecuadorian social protection system, considering its impact on poverty reduction, access to basic services, school inclusion, and economic inclusion. The methodology used is based on a bibliographic review of recent academic studies, case studies, and institutional publications, complemented by the analysis of quantitative data from official sources such as the Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion (MIES) and the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment, and Underemployment (ENEMDU). Among the main findings, it is worth highlighting that, while the BDH has contributed to temporarily improving family income and access to education, its structural impact on social mobility and the generation of economic autonomy is limited. Territorial differences in its effectiveness are also evident, especially in rural areas. The research concludes that, to strengthen the role of the BDH as a public policy, it must be complemented with comprehensive strategies that include employment, training, and human capital strengthening programs.