Soft Skills in University Education: Perception of Students and Employers

Abstract

This literature review analyzes the role of soft skills in higher education and explores the perception gap between university students and employers in Latin America. Soft skills, including communication, teamwork, leadership, and adaptability, are increasingly recognized as crucial for employability and professional success. However, studies reveal a disconnect between what students believe they possess and what employers actually require. While students rate themselves highly in empathy and collaboration, employers demand greater proficiency in critical thinking, problem-solving, and emotional intelligence. Through a systematic analysis of indexed Latin American studies, this review highlights the strengths and weaknesses in the current integration of soft skills within university curricula. It also examines the importance of experiential learning, mentorship programs, and extracurricular activities in fostering these skills. The findings show that although some universities are advancing in curricular innovation, many still lack formal evaluation mechanisms to track and enhance students’ development of soft skills. This article recommends the transversal incorporation of soft skills into all academic programs, training for teachers in this domain, and the implementation of continuous assessment models. Closing the gap between academic formation and labor market expectations is essential to ensure more comprehensive and future-ready professionals. This review contributes to the ongoing conversation about educational quality and relevance in Latin America, providing a basis for institutional policies that prioritize not only technical knowledge but also human and social competencies that define 21st-century professionals